Showing an easy way of doing predator-prey modeling in Sage. Right now it is a generic version and one version which is the competitive Lotka-Volterra.
This is the original Lotka-Volterra phase map for a non-dimensional form. This was posted on Marshall Hampon on the ask.sagemath.org site. Lotka-Volterra has many coarse “flaws” and has also been modified over time as we’ll see below. Dimensionless format of Lotka-Volterra. default for Sage ode_solver is to use runga-kutta-felhberg (4,5)
T = ode_solver() T.function = lambda t, y: [y[0]-y[0]*y[1], -y[1]+y[0]*y[1]] sol_lines = Graphics() for i in srange(0.1,1.1,.1): T.ode_solve(y_0= [i,i],t_span=[0,10],num_points=1000) y = T.solution sol_lines += line([x[1] for x in y], rgbcolor = (i,0,1-i)) show(sol_lines+point((1,1),rgbcolor=(0,0,0)), figsize = [6,6], xmax = 6, ymax = 6)
Here we enable choice of the exponential growth in the original Lotka-Volterra and logistic growth. We also added a parameter g which is used in both and k which is the scaled carrying capacity.
See if you can find the fixed point for the latter (using the code below)?
It should look like this:
def lv(g,k,growth): Tg = ode_solver() if growth == "Malthusian": Tg.function = lambda t, y: [g*y[0]*(1-y[1]), (-1.0/g)*(1-y[0])] else: Tg.function = lambda t, y: [g*y[0]*(1-y[0]/k - y[1]), (-1.0/g)*(1-y[0])] sol_lines = Graphics() for i in srange(0.1,1.1,.2): Tg.ode_solve(y_0=[i,i],t_span=[0,10],num_points=1000) y = Tg.solution sol_lines += line([x[1] for x in y], rgbcolor = (i,0,1-i)) return sol_lines @interact def _(g = (0.1,1.,0.1), k = (0.1,4.0,0.1), Growth=["Malthusian","Logistic"]): show(lv(g,k,Growth),legend_label='Lv')
We will look at cases where Lotka-Volterra might lead to Hopf bifurcation and also see if we can add the Allee effect.