Contents

Idea

I want to showing an easy way of doing predator-prey modeling in Sage. Right now it is a dimensionless version and one version which is the competitive Lotka-Volterra.

Details

Original Lotka-Volterra

This is the original Lotka-Volterra phase map for a non-dimensional form. This was posted on Marshall Hampon on the ask.sagemath.org site. The original Lotka-Volterra equations has many coarse “flaws” and has also been modified over time as we’ll see below. Dimensionless format of Lotka-Volterra. The default for Sage ode_solver() is to use runga-kutta-felhberg (4,5) to find solutions

Plot and Code

This is the phase plot for prey on the x-axis and predator on the y-axis.

Interactive and more realistic Lotka-Volterra

We first add a parameter g which is used in the to control the effect of the growth of the number of predator. For g=1 I got a similar plot as the first one above.

def lv(g,k=None):
   Tg = ode_solver()
   Tg.function = lambda t, y: [y[0]*(1 - y[1]), -g*y[1] + y[0]*y[1]]
   sol_lines = Graphics()
   for i in srange(0.1,1.1,.2):
      Tg.ode_solve(y_0=[i,i],t_span=[0,10],num_points=10^3)
      y = Tg.solution
      sol_lines += line([x[1] for x in y], rgbcolor = (i,i,0))
   return sol_lines

@interact
def lv_explorer(gamma = (0.,1.,0.1)):
    #html("equilibrium points are is %.2f" % k)
    show(lv(gamma))

Try to see what happens for small values of g. Also see if you can find a way to show time plots for predator and prey in the same plot.

Here is my plot of varying g:

Next step

We will add some better model of growth and look at cases where Lotka-Volterra might lead to Hopf bifurcation and also see if we can add the Allee effect.

References

• Sage public worksheet containing the complete code so far which you can view or download.

sex shop sex shop sex shop sex shop sex shop lingerie sex shop atacado calcinhas uniformes profissionais uniformes dicas de sexo