Mathematical statistics is about data analysis using different tools from mathematics like probability theory. The analyzed data is often assumed to exhibit some influence from Random processes.
One area where the use of mathematical statistics is of importance to Azimuth’s goals is in Earth sciences and Climate models, as a tool to enable an objective assessment of measurements, experiments and models. Another is decision theory.
Bayesian and frequentist approaches
These are the two major ‘philosophies’ which underlie two approaches to statistics.
Mathematical statistics is a huge subject, and there is a multiplicity of textbooks. Any recommendation is therefore to be considered to be an example only.